ꯍꯤꯠ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ .

꯱) ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯂꯣ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ
ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇꯦꯇꯤꯕ: ꯱꯲ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ.꯱ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯣ.ꯚꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯵꯸꯰ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ , ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ. ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫

꯲) ꯐꯦꯔꯤꯏꯠ ꯍꯤꯠ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ .
ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯲%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ, ꯇꯥꯏꯇꯅꯤꯌꯝ, ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯕꯗꯦꯅꯝ, ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ.

꯳) ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯛ-ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ .
The representative of steel: Cr 12 type martensite thermal strong steel, has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, good thermal strength, corrosion resistance and vibration attenuation, widely used in manufacturing turbine blade and form unique blade steel series, and widely used as cylinder sealing ring, high temperature bolt, rotor and boiler superheater, in heat tube, gas turbine turbine disk, blade, compressor and aero engine compressor blade, wheel, turbine blade and aerospace missile components, etc. The development and application of Cr 12 type heat-resistant steel has a history of more than 60 years, with at least 300 kinds of brand names. However, the difference in its composition is not big, based on Cr 12 steel in the addition of tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, nickel, niobium, boron, nitrogen, titanium, cobalt and other elements to do some changes.
4) Valve steel
Valve steel is an important branch of heat resistant steel, the representative of this steel: 21 Cr-9 Mn-4Ni-N steel (21-4N), compared with 21 Cr-12 NiN, 14 Cr-14Ni2W-Mox, performance is superior and economical, in the rapid has been widely used in gasoline engine exhaust valve. Adding sulfur to 21-4N steel to improve the cutting performance formed 21-4NS. The addition of niobium, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium improved high temperature strength, fatigue strength and wear resistance, and 21-4 W NbN, X60CrMnMoVNbN2110 steel was developed.

5) Austenitic-shaped heat-resistant steel
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇꯦꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ: 18 Cr-8Ni, 25 CR-20NI, CR-MN-N, FE-MN-AL, ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ. ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩ. ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ 600 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ , ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ 850~150ꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ.ꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫
ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯠ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ.-ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯟ.-ꯑꯦꯟ., ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ.-ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯟ.-ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯥꯏ.-ꯑꯦꯟ., ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.-ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯥꯏ.-ꯑꯦꯟ., ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.-ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯜ.-ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ.-ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯟ.-ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.
3cr24ni7sinre ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯣꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ.
ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ. 1970 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 1980ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ, ꯄꯦꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯃꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯊꯥꯅꯣꯜ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ 1150 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ , ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ. ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ 4CR25Ni35Co15W, 4CR25Ni35WNB, 5CR28Ni48W5, ꯑꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯜ. 1930ꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯆꯜꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ{20}}ꯅꯥ 1987ꯗꯥ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ꯫
꯶) ꯍꯥꯔꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯠ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯄꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯄꯤꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯛ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯟ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ {0}}cr17ni4cu4nb), (ꯍꯥꯐ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯇꯤꯛ-ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ) ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯄꯤꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ({88}CR15152Al) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯇꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯄꯤꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ (0cr15ni25ti2movbꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ), ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ.

ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯁꯣꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯁꯣꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯁꯣꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯁꯣꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ꯫